ࡱ> Y[X)` RLbjbj2V{{eppppppp,X X X X D " > > > > > > > !!!!!!!$l$h&t"]p+ > > + + "pp> > j"+!+!+!+ p> p> !+!+ !+!+!pp+!> QWbX  +!!,"0"+!H' "H'+!+!dH'p!,> "` +!x  > > > ""!> > > "+ + + + DDd@(pppppp [l}] 0SSxvz 0T 0-NV>yOyf[ 0_elʑvyOyf[ 0_elʑvyOyf[ 0_elʑvyg R]\OvĉS (WxvzTPtvQNNe>yOyf[f[/gg Rlʑĉ[vW@x N bN[S g_elʑĉۏLNeEQT[U yr6R[evĉ[0,gĉ[(uN 0-NV>yOyf[ 00 0-NV>yOyf[Q萇e?z 0T 0SSxvz 00 N0 lʑSOOShlMOn e.s_e_Ǒ(ulʑSOO0 lʑ>enNS_u Nl 0lʑ^S(u`$ a$ b$& & hƋ kuUSrc^0cke-Nvlʑ^S~NnNS+T_evSP[( geP_NS/f͋b͋~)bk=hp&{SKNT0 N 0lʑvhly 1986t^ ,{175u0 'YtQ 0lQSlvU\_Nċ$R  el$RO6R^ 0 SNl_QHr>y 2001t^ ,{3u0 N~a;N 0-NVTf[SU\S(HQywS) 0,SNNlQHr>y,1983t^,,{25u0 [`y 0-NVNYuf[e,gS 0 -]l&0g/Tf_ы /n-Ne'Yf[QHr>y 1982t^ ,{11-12u0 ёQS;N 0hTi`eg O 0 SNNlQHr>y0-N.Ye.sQHr>y 1989t^ ,{9u0 ZOT 0Zfn mRЏRN{|GlNASNy 0 NQ SNhQVVfNe.s)_Y6R-N_ 1998t^ ,{56u0 rF$ 0s^I{{ 0 Nwm gckfN@\ [QHreN] ,{8u0 0lKQ`i`y 1998t^ ,{46u0 2gQe.s hlz^:#N/gQe.sT/eƖ#NN#Ne_/eƖT/QHr0Wp/QHr/QHre/ux0 eƖ#NNgQe.s#Nv Te SwSeƖ#N0 :yO \gZ[OKQl: 0pTeNLu;NIN 0,s[0Sfn 0hQtSNTklybċ 0,SN-N.YыQHr>y,1999t^,,{247-266u0 ŏ 0-NV\vSSvS 0 0ŏhQƖ 0,{9Q SNNlef[QHr>y 1981t^ ,{325u0 U/c8^ 0^bNSl 0 0ƋSƖ 0 Nwm NwmSM|QHr>y 1997t^ ,{65u0 3.W\O0eƖv^0_0MR0T 1 ^0MR\ONW\O0eƖ#Nv T0 :yO NgO z 0S_NeSTf[l` 0 SNNlQHr>y 1994t^  ^ ,{1u0 2 ^ gUSrvh S\O:NgQe.seghl0 :yO: |i7Y 0[fN `PN^ 0 POe 0P[fN 0Xe,g SN NTfN^ 1988t^ ,{2u0 ĞN[ 0:NNHNy:N -NV'YSS   -NeHrꁏ^ 0 0-NV'YSS 0 SN NTfN^ 1997t^ ,{2u0 3 #NB\!ksQ|YBge SNǏShf[^v_0:NNh'}QTlޏ/ #NNe.sTKNvQSSwS QHrOo`Sblweg0 :yO 4b8:NSN^[fk:SchHh0spp~ 0SN[_O_?z 0SNSNqq\QHr>y 2001t^ @b\Ov^ ,{2u0 4.SM| 1 ;R,g hlz^#NN#Ne_e.sTwS!k0{T0{|  y Hr,g0ux0 {|TS{T(ufNTSh:y vQ-NN TB\!kS(u-NWp_ S^SN(uIlW[peW[ N T0ux^lfa0bb0 :yO YER` 0SN*OfN 0wS3 IQ~ Nt^ς]ef[q\?b;mW[,g ,{9ua0 2 p!h,g0tet,g hlz^#NN#Ne_e.sTwS!k0{T0{| y QHr0WpQHrQHreux0S(WQHreTlf hp,g  tet,g 0 :yO key 0XYOU_ 0 Nwm NwmSM|QHr>y 1985t^ ,{35u0 3 q_pS,g hlz^#NN#Ne_e.sTwS!k0{T0{| y QHr0WpQHrQHreq_pS ux0S(WQHreTlf q_pS,g 0:NONg~b )pSvSM| _(uux؏Shf N0-N0 Nh y 0 :yO hg 0eh׋݋~Ɩ 0wS5 l3lfN>y 1991t^q_pS,g NQ ,{461u Nh0 0*Ys^_ȉ 0wS690 0gzN 0_ 0OS 0 SN:-NNSfN@\,1985t^q_pS,g ,{3Q ,{3080u Nh0 4 gQe.s hlz^#NgQe.sTeƖ#NN#Ne_eƖTwS!kNfNy y NfNT(ufNTS Hr,gbQHrOo`ux0 :yO {_S 0T{`\Nd4lNfN 0 0~Mr 0wS2 0V^hQfNX[vNfN 0 NmWSPfN>y 1997t^q_pS,g P[ ,{88Q ,{73u0 5 0We_ U[egv0We_Y|yNW\O Shl\OfnNTv0We_N,Nhl\O fNTvQMRQNO~bfNevt^Nt^S lV0We_ (WfNTMRQR lV NW[0eq_pS)pS v0We_SǑ(ueux0 :yO ~N 0 V[S_ 0wS12 0ΘO 0 ,{7ub0 lV 0 NwmS~_ 0wS1 0uW 0 ,{10ub0 NS 0^N_ 0wS15 0ᐿS_N^]^W`l 0, 0z-NV0We_Gl R 0 SN-NVfN^ 1992t^q_pS,g ,{42Q,,{367u0 6 8^(uW,gxQM| [O'YWxQM|NSfNT-N+T g\OYTveƖSNhl\O Y 0 00NASVS0 0Dlt 00 0hQUe 00 0Q^CQ 00 0n[U_ 00 0V^hQfN;`vc 00 0v nfƖ 0I{0 :yO 0eUfN 0wS9 0s[~ N 0 SN-NNSfN@\ 1975t^hp,g ,{233u0 0eނƖ 0wS6 0T{ zY]fN 0 Nwm NwmSM|QHr>y 1983t^hp,g NQ ,{166u0 7 t^SOxQM| Y SlQeW[@b^\KNt^g2uP[e 0 :yO: 0n_[[U_ 0wS435 IQ~NASVt^ASNg N SN-NNSfN@\ 1987t^q_pS,g ,{6Q ,{727u0 (N)ޏ~QHrir 1.g R hlz^:#N/e.sT/g RT/t^g(bwSg QHrt^g) 0 RTNvQNg Rv T _NSblQHr0Wp DN RTT N:y:S+R TNyg R g$N*NN NvHr+Re _(ue{lfHr+R0 :yO UOO: 0~ڋ0WSfS 0 0, 0-NVSxvz 01998t^,{3g0 jluN 0_lςv\QSvQoRN 0 0-NV~Nm 0,{4wS,{6g 1936t^6g15e0 O=N 0яNSNSlRv;NSV 0 0>yOyf[ 0pQ] 1990t^,{6g0 9b^ 0aYrNYUOۏeQo 0 0>yOyf[ 0 Nwm 1999t^,{9g0 cNl 0V_6rNc ^e 0 0 Oef[ 0SN 2001t^,{3g0 NgNm 0RRS@bN/ec[3S]\Ov!.s 0 0 Oef[ 0SS ,{2:<>hjlf l ̷mVm881hXhX@DB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2:jhXhX@DB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJph2>2-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>26jhXhXB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJph2>20hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jphcq`)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>21hXhXB* CJKHOJPJQJ^JaJphS4hXhXB* CJKHOJPJQJ^JaJo(phS <jv . 0 2 ]H$d-D1$M a$gdXUkd$$If0& 62234aytX$D$1$@&If]Da$gdX$$1$Ifa$gdX$d-D1$M a$gdX$d-D1$@&M a$gdXLl p r t v | ~ $ & * , 0 2 ѵubKbK4Kb'hXhXCJKHaJ,hXhXB* CJKHOJQJ^Jo(phS-jhXhXCJKHOJQJU^JaJ$hXhXCJKHOJQJ^JaJ#hXhXCJKHOJQJ^Jo(,hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jo(phcq`-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>26jhXhXB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJph2>2-hXhX@DB*CJ KHOJQJ^Jph2>2-hXhX@DB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>22 < >   L N T V "FHJLNPTʱʜʱʜʅpppWWWFp!hXhXB*CJKHaJph2>20hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>2-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2)hXhXB* CJKHOJQJ^JphS0hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph2>29jhXhXB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJo(ph2>2/hXhX5B*CJKHOJQJ\^Jph2>2 Z\"$24xz.0VXln&(vxDF|~rt z|)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>2-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2S<>PR`b  @BV X !!4!6!F!H!!!""""^"`"""##l#n###$2$2&2v2x222>3@333333U-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>2R8wS,{1g 1976t^1g0 ĞINj 0ċĞt^VRygh 0 0y^[W 0eSTHr 1997t^,{3g0 ς/c 0eRaWcLQ[&OtS_Yev>yOf[` 0 0y^[W 0 ~Nm>yOHr 1996t^,{3g0 SfR 0VOW0WSvQq_T 0 0fkIl'Yf[f[b 0Neyf[Hr 2001t^,{2g0 *P } 0_f[yvkxvzNtc"} 0 0fkIl'Yf[f[b 0>yOyf[Hr 2002t^,{4g0 2.b~ hlz^:#N/{T/b~Ty/QHrt^ge/Hr!k0 eg-Neb~eHr!k ShƋwSQ0ebhvSux ly 0 TTb~^h:yQHr0WpN:y:S+R0 :yO Ng w 0NgRNvN 0 0V]]Neb 01986t^8g22e ,{2Hr0 $O_N_[NS  0tY 0 0nb 0,{69Q IQ~NASmQt^ASNgNASNe ,{1u0 0V]OSfLz z 0 0^vNb 0,{8t^,{19g 1910t^9g3e  ez ,{1 2u0 0 NwmTFULu;`TTOYN5u 0 0lVeb 0 Nwm 1925t^8g14e ,{4Hr0 0WS-NYS[(W[S_NhQO 0 0lVeb 0^] 1933t^8g11e ,{1 _,{4Hr0  N *g Re.s 1.f[MOe0OeI{ hlz^:#N/e.sh/e'`(/0Wpbf[!h/e.sb_be/ux0 :yO efN 0WW?el``xvz1913-1949 0 ZSXf[MOe SN^'Yf[SS| 2000t^ ,{67u0 NNeg 0[VESO6RTVE6R^vt㉌Tы 0 hQtSNN*Y:SWSVExOe )Y%m 2000t^6g ,{9u0 2.Kb?z0chHhe.s hlz^:e.sh/e.sb_be/wS[SbvQNS/υ@b0 :yO 0PoPOVRb5u 0,1917t^9g15e S mchHh1011-5961 -NV,{NSSchHhυ0 0ZQYNX^OU_ 0 1950t^7g NgRNchHh -NqQV]wY~bchHh[υ0 V l_e.s elvc_(uve.s l_NNW\Oe {hf0hlz^#NSe.sTSe.sHr,gOo`SuxbwSg l_e.s#Nl_e.sTHr,gOo`ux0 :yO z*Yp: 0(WlhfIQf[!ho 0 1925t^10g l_dl_ 0z*Ypt^1 0 NQ SN-NNSfN@\ 1979t^ ,{823u0 N 5uP[e.s 5uP[e.sSbNpexe_U_v@b ge.s+TNGr0x&^I{N(U_v5uq_0U_q_0U_I{Pe.s 0 hlyvNz^#N5uP[e.sTfebO9eegST__(ueg0 :yO sfN 0sQN-NVf[/gg RhQSpenc^|~] zvۏU\ 0 1998t^8g16e  HYPERLINK "http://www.cajcd.cn/pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html," \t "_blank" http://www.cajcd.cn/pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html,1998t^10g4e0 lbKN4l 0$N[6׋N6N 0 0ef[WN 0Q~HrՋ R 2006t^,{1g  HYPERLINK "http://www.literature.org.cn/" \t "_blank" http://www.literature.org.cn/Article.asp?ID=199 2007t^9g13e0 mQ Yee.s 1._Yee.s SR NO(uyLv_hle_0 2.,gĉNR>Nee.svhle_Y N 1 NW hlz^#NN#Ne_/e.sT/QHr0Wp/QHr/QHre/ux0e.sT(ueSO QHr0WpT(ueQS vQYOThlyvKN (uep_ N T0 :yO Peter Brooks, Troubling Confessions: Speaking Guilt in Law and Literature, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000, p.48. Randolph Starn and Loren Partridge, The Arts of Power: Three Halls of State in Italy, 1300-1600, Berkeley: California University Press, 1992, pp.19-28. 2 ыW hlz^#N/e.sT/ы/QHr0Wp/QHr/QHre/ux0 :yO M. Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans. by William Marsden, Hertfordshire: Cumberland House,1997, pp.55, 88. 3 g RgQe.s hlz^#N/gQe.sT/g RT/wSQSQHre/ux0gQe.sT(ue_ShƋ g RT(ueSO N T0 :yO Heath B. Chamberlain,  On the Search for Civil Society in China, Modern China, vol. 19, no. 2 (April 1993),pp.199-215. 4 eƖgQe.s hlz^#N/gQe.sT/eƖT//QHr0Wp/QHr/QHre/ux0 :yO R. S. Schfield, The Impact of Scarcity and Plenty on Population Change in England,  in R. I. Rotberg and T. K. Rabb, eds., Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Pattern on Society, Cambridge Mass: Cambridge University Press, 1983, p.79. 5 chHhe.s hlz^:e.sh/e.sb_be/wS[SbvQNS/υ@b0 Nixon to Kissinger, February 1, 1969, Box 1032, NSC Files, Nixon Presidential Material Project (NPMP), National Archives II, College Park, MD. N0vQN N Q!k_evyv{S TNe.sQ!k_eShl#N0T0ux QHrOo`SNweu0 :yO uofm 0e[W_e 0 ,{24u0 ŏ 0-NV\vSSvS 0 0ŏhQƖ 0,{9Q ,{326u0 N c_evhl c_e8^N S b  I{_͋_[ S fQNckeLev|T^ hle^lQwQSOS_vwbkuxbz0hlyv0z^Ny 1984t^ ,{2829u0 _ht^;N 0 _CQNmt^1 0 SNFURpSfN 1991t^ ,{6z0  N _(uHQyP[I{8^(u~xQSM| SO(u9Yl 9Yl^O(uN TNckevW[SO0 :yO1 ^P[`P[^8^ZSf[  `eYe vQfNNf0  0^P[)Y N 0 :yO2 )Y^y@bwQ gS_ _N1\/f Ol 0 Ոl vS_)Y^y@bwQ gvS_a_ Nhv/fNlva_0ُ_N1\/f@b )Yjfbljf )YfOublfOu  0\fNvv 0  lKN@b2k )Y_NKN  0\fNl 0 0 -NV>yOyf[Bg_>y33X4Z4h4j44455~5555B6D6Z6\6|6~66666T7V77777,8.8<8>88899999999Z:\:r:t:::4;6;D;F;;;&<(<Ӷ0hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph2>29jhXhXB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJo(ph2>2-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>29(<<<<<<<<d=f======>>B>D>t>v>>>*?,?:?@tAvAAAAAAABBBBbCdCrCtCjDlDDDDDDD G͸͈͸0hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJo(ph2>2-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>29jhXhXB*CJKHOJQJU^JaJo(ph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph3f5 G"G8G:G|G~GHHHHII,I.IVIXIIIIIZJ\JjJlJJJ K"KtKvKKKKKKKLLh}C-hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^JaJph2>2)hXhXB*CJKHOJQJ^Jph2>2% LL$d-D1$M a$gdX0182P. A!"#$%S Dd44  s AFsg_transyK yK javascript:;b؝CbHR>]Dn؝CbHR>]PNG  IHDRb{,sBITLˢ PLTE8~tRNSAbKGDHgIFg cmPPJCmp0712Om IDATchIENDB`$$If!vh55 #v#v :V 655 92234 ytXN@N cke $1$a$$CJKHPJ_HaJmH nHsH tH\`"\ Xh 2$dd1$@&[$\$a$5CJ$KHOJQJ\^JaJ$\`2\ Xh 3$dd1$@&[$\$a$5CJKHOJQJ\^JaJ$A@$ ؞k=W[SOBi@B nfh*ph,a`!, XHTML _e6]"X`1" X:_6]&oA& Xsg_txtb"W`Q" Xp5\eV b     a>  XeY  5dgr r r 00  r r .r 5dg00000 0 0 0005dg0#0#0#0#00#0#0 QQQQQ0l 2 3(< GL'() L*L5PQBzeXCXXXXXo o ggB*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace L lnpqz   !%&).6789HMhm &'*+,-5:;<=?AFjnqvx}"$&-27;<?@FGQRVW[\_`dehm ,0357>OWjorw  +/235=~45679>AFRScdefgov{; < ? @ b g j o | } $ ) , 1 G H \ ` i k n p r z }          ! * , 1 2 5 6 9 : N R X Z [ \ ] ` b j     " % ' / I N P V ^ a u y   "&()+0GHJKMQRSTVX]|   .2457<\^dhjkmr(-05HLMNOQTUW\qs #)0:?CDGHLMQRWX^_bgjo})./0139BNS_cde{ #&(/5:inHIKLMOTquwxz$6>@ERSWX\]`aef(-*1kqv~9?DLMSTXY[\`adeijmru^_OSYej).16UY\^_ach$%68;<BCLNQRWZcgFIyz 12!hiRW%,01g::z:zz:z:zz:z::::zzZdgdg.9sXTL n\J.Q8K.1aR9sXT9sXT}Cp#D>oXg@mm;mmXe@@ @@@@"@2UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial;ўSOSimHei7&  Verdana;[SOSimSunUsimsunTimes New Roman qh33O1O1q-!),.:;?]}    & 6"0000 0 000000 =@\]^([{  0 0 00000;[>XX3KX ?X2[l}] 0SSxvz 0T 0-NV>yOyf[ 0_elʑv?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOQRSTUVWZRoot Entry F0zXb\Data ,1Table4H'WordDocument2VSummaryInformation(HDocumentSummaryInformation8PCompObjm  FMicrosoft Office Word ĵ MSWordDocWord.Document.89q